Rome and Greece

A.P.A.R.T.S. CHARTS

Thucydides on Athens

Thucydides Greek historian from 460 B.C.E.-395 B.C.E.
known for scientific history

Athens

Athen soldiers/warriors/veterans "

"you must reflect that it was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feeling of honor in action that men were enabled to win all this, and that no personal failure in an enterprise could make them consent to deprive their country of their bravery except as a sacrifice of the most serious contribution they could offer."

This article seems to be having many meanings yet hidden meanings in between. When fist reading this article you can feel the pride and superfluous reasonings as to why Athens and Athens people are so great and superior to many other countries explaining their caring nature and forgiving attitude however as you continue to read the author express the greatness and importance of war and how it should be honored for all those within and all those who have died. This article seems to be contradicting its self slightly coming form a compassionate country to a country whose main importance is the role of war and the beings of.
to give grievences/comfort to lives lost and to explain that Athens is open for all

The greatness of Athens and the peoples importance when it comes to serving your country.

"So died these men as became Athenians."- "for the Athens that I have celebrated is only what the heroism of these and others like them have made her"

the importance of rulling you country and how you should be proud to be apart of this war that extends

for the families who lost their lives the city will take care of future gen.

Warriors/soldiers was probably the main political social group
Honor and loyalty main importance

Plutarch on Life in Sparta

Used to be greek then converted roman
46 – 120 AD,
Traveler
proflic writter
notable for being and optamist

Sparta 1 century

Athens and Sparta have been rivals for many years
Current political standpoint (durring this time)=monarcy

>Sparta ruled with a militeristic rule
A

Other historians or anyone reading. You notice this in the way he speaks in second person as if he were expalanning the facts as if you were there.

>.
people of Sparta

R
>justify the existance and actions

T

Challenges to Spartan goverment were maid so Lycurgus used extreme measures in political status
Fear of in comming tyranny from the rifts of democracy and current rulling monarcy

>created new upbringing gerorations first to thrive "to upliift Sparta"
S

Lycurgus creates house of senate first stable form of council in political background making him 'blend in with the ''ferverish'' goverment of kings"
wealthy and poverty divisions , "the city was heavily burdened with indigent and helpless people, and wealth was wholly concentrated in the hands of a few"
created division of lands to try and create "uniformity" and equality
banishment of arts (Monster)
Use of iron money only after gold and silver were taken away (another form of equality or robbing?

>
displays the rules of Sparta and the diceplen and organization brought within its people.

ATHENS AND SPARTA COMPARE AND CONTRAST
external image spartawar.jpg

http://www.allempires.com/article/index.php?q=sparta_versus_athens

Structures of goverment differences (Blue Athens, Red Sparta, Purple same)

Spartan was an “Oligarchy-ruled by few
'Government was very exclusive and open to members of the only the highest social standing."
Spartan goverment gave less say to the people
Represented strong military aristocracy
"Spartan men attended a common mess to enjoy food in moderation. Food and drink were each rationed at the common messes."
Women were based on "physical and athletic prowess"
Land based armies

Athens a democracy Athens goverment surrounded by people population giving them more say in the rullings
Diverse commercial state
Athenian men attended “symposiums”, meaning “drinking together”
Women based on beauty
Navy military

Once in law structure you can never get out
No ideas or forms of autocracy-solo rule (isn't that the same as a monarcy?)
Use of slaves
Leading states in olympic games
Only men were omitted into these food gatherings on both parts Respective military forces in aims for the conquering of the Classical Mediterranean
Empire notes

greeks-
the revolution-508 BC Athens people against rulers (isagurus) lasted for only 3 days until surrender
clystenies-leads fellow greeks twords the freedom and empire

Clystenies

-rich
family part of a long and political dynasty
tought to be an aristocrat
inspired by ancient stories and myths that were memorized and past on by travaling bonds
Famous stories-illiate,Odeccy
tries to over throw Hipeass-sucess and Hippeass ends up banished
brought back from exile in order to create a new goverment
He brings a sense of a United nations but with the people of Athens-voting every 9 days

Athens

greece and Athens not ment to have great civilization
more of a 3rd world country
not a city of equals
turned against its self
people were conspiraing against Clystenies such as Isagurus
Ordianary people Heros of Athens politics in the New Athens Democracy

Isagurus

dictator
aristocrate
who spread wird/alliance to the Spartans in order to gain power
succeded and banned Clystenies

The creation of the vase (made in Athens)

you were in the bottom of the chain in the social status
new style of painting
competition

Greece

divided into city states that m aintained its own indepedence
corithians dominaate greek trade
greeks were scattered

Sparta

raised in the felid ment only to know the ways of war
few possesion only their wepons and red cloth
death was better than eating their food
Hellatss- were ruled with iron fist
main candidate in creating a great empire

Heros

Greek hero-acyleas
the more women you slept wioth the more you were considered a hero

Pysistertus

gained his rule by claming he had the blessing of the goddes Athena (fake)
increased succes in Athens
olive trees=economic supply
died in 527 BC son took over

Hipeass( son of pysistertus)

Tyranny
ruins fathers governent
sought for self preservation

Olympia

place of Olympic games founded in 777BC
any one was allowed into Olympiic gamers
40 thousand Greeks would gather for this game
women not allowed into games or in or near stadium

Persian Empire

New threat to Athens
30 thousand men invade Greece and Athens

After Movie

Q: Explain the key factors in the developement of Athens.
A:The people of Athens were not meant to be a domoinanting society. With the ruling of a few kings taking all power away from the people you could say that they were slaves. The people of Athens had many rulers keeping its structure shaky form tyrants such as Isagurus to those who tried to create a stable govermental society such as Cleilsthenes.

when a group comes into power and it is taken away people take it within themselves to take it back which is what the people of Athens have done/

E	MI: Roman economy was based on commercial agriculture, free labor of slaves, and trade such as of products of grapes and olives. Trading levels and birth rate fell after the decline of the empire that lasted 250 years (until 476 B.C.E. Based on agriculture, trade, and slavery Main importance of minor cities Farmers, dependant on the protection of large landlords Commercial trade in the south and slowly in to the North (Africa) Supervised grain trade form Egypt and Sicily Military expansion helped by the increase in slaves Mining for Metal and Iron
S	MI: The roman structure was terrible when it came to the needs of the common people however, within those structures lied partrichal families where men were still dominant in all aspects and social class.* Pushed for westward civilizations since the bases of the Middle East along the Nile. Rise of Rome final phase of classical Mediterranean civilizations Monarchy 800-509 B.C.E. until the new political system of the Roman Republic Roman Republic-conquered Greek colonies in the south The poor rebel Merchants have a higher status Husband and father in control of the family Women-vital economic functions and power within the house hold if within higher social class, Active in business Children (girl infants) put to death if too many already with in the family Roman legal ideals modified family control
P	MI: With the many wars going on in search of power within the Greek borders Rome was known for its strong military aristocracy* Strong military Politics unstable creating a less affective government. Local government Senate- Executive officers in Roman state
I	Comedy and tragedy used in Western literature
R	MI: Rome was not big when it came to the ideals of religion however it was used in hopes of uniting the people within the nation* Did not generate a major religion Christianity adopted by Constantine emperors in order to unify nation during the decline Greco-Roman religion-belief of gods and goddesses seen as regulating human life Zeus/Jupiter-father god that ruled over all others such as Athena and Apollo Ceremonies of god had political importance More seen in the eyes of Romans in terms of what they could do for and reveal about humankind-Unlike Indians Lack of spiritual passion “Mystery religion” from the Middle East=divine powers Upper-class dissatisfaction
I	MI: With the beliefs of Gods and Goddesses within the roman empire culture and intellectual forms increased through literature and architecture displaying of there qualities and answers to human life/existence/behavior* Story telling of Gods like soap operas Textbooks administered to upper-class schoolchildren Arches to support structural weight on buildings Temples, statues, and plays devoted to the gods of the religion Realistic portrayals of human form Sappho (around 600 B.C.E.) woman author Music and dance festivals Plays and poetry Painters produced realistic decorations for the homes of the wealthy
T	Great roads Aqueducts that carried water into cities Ship building and navigation

Key Terms

Cyrus the Great

Established Persian Empire (550 B.C.E.)
Survived in the northeastern portion of the Middle east

Zoroastrianism

Belief of Good and Evil
Life after death
Stressed importance of moral choice

Olympic games

Athletic competitions that focused on strength, the representation of ones state
Pan-Hellenic ritual

Pericles

Famous Greek political figure
Aristocrat although part of democratic political structure

Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.)

Wars Between Athens and Sparta in search for dominance in south Greece
Victory=Sparta

Philip II

From Macedon
Father of Alexander the Great
Ruled Macedon 359-336 B.C.E.

Hellenistic Period

Influenced by the Hellenes (Greeks)
Combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms

Alexandria

Egyptian city
Scientific center spread by Hellenistic kings

Roman republic

Spread influence between Italian peninsula
Consisted of conquered countries in south Greece
Featured an aristocratic Senate

Punic Wars (246-146 B.C.E.)

Fight between Rome and Carthage for power over Mediterranean
Victory=Rome
Bloody defeat

Carthage

Phoenician city
Located on Northern coast of Africa
Major port in commercial power in Western Mediterranean
Agriculture structure destroyed after Punic war

Julius Caesar (45 B.C.E.)

Roman War general
Created the end to traditional institutions of the Roman state
Assassinated by best friend

Augustus Caesar

Julius Caesar’s nephew
Seized power in 27 B.C.E.

Diocletian and Constantine Emperors

Helped/Tried to reverse the economic decline
Constantine adopted Christianity belief into Roman life style in order to unite the country before war-failed

Senate

Legislative body
Consisted of aristocrats
Executive officers in Roman state
Could choose dictator to emergency authority over consuls

Aristotle

Greek philosopher
Teacher of Alexander the great
Observer of material world
Expressed moderation and balance in human behavior

Stoics

Expressed inner moral independence
Belief in personnel bravery
Blended in with religious beliefs of Christianity

Socrates

Spread beliefs in questioning of conventional wisdom
Thought to be undermining political authority (threat?)

Plato

Socrates’ pupil
Suggested human reason could be understood in three parts
-True
-Good
-Beautiful
>Characterized nature

The Doric. Ionic, Corinthian

Three embellishments on the tops of Roman Agriculture supporting the massive buildings